Practice 1 Directions: Read the texts from an article in which five people talked about energy and making use of it. For questions 1 to 5, match the name of each speaker to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1. Jackson: Viewed from a scientist’s standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat. Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected. That is to say, it is radiated into the atmosphere from the engines, motors, furnaces, power lines, television sets, boilers and all the other energy-consuming machinery that makes our wheels go around. Browning: It is necessary to improve the efficiency with which we use energy in order to do more work. But improvement cannot come overnight, and there are limits beyond which not even science can help. According to the Center for Strategic and International studies, about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work. Jeffrey: In terms of efficiency, buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation may be using energy more efficiently than private automobiles. Unless private automobiles can operate at near capacity, their overall efficiency is poor. For example, an urban bus carrying 36 passengers may achieve an efficiency of around 120 passenger-miles per gallon of gasoline. But buses are not always fully loaded, and sometimes they carry no passengers at all. Yandenberg: It is true that buses can sometimes run without passengers. City trains seem to be very efficient, but they suffer the same shortcomings as buses and cost more. Except for rush hours, commuter trains seldom run at full capacity. This wastes even more energy and is more than the management can afford. As a result, commuter trains are truly practical only in places where there are a lot of people. Nathan: For some people, mass transportation may serve their needs. For others, a combination of mass transportation and private transportation may be preferable. Better design and wise use of both mass transportation systems and private vehicles will play an important part in helping us make fuller use of energy for transportation. Now match each of the person (1 to 5) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements. Statements
正确答案:
1.E 第一段说“Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected. (有些热量会被直接使用或用于有用的生产。其余的不是丢失了就是被遗弃了)”可推出燃料里的能量没有被完全利用。故选E。 2.G 第二段第二句话说“But improvement cannot come overnight,and there are limits beyond which not even science can help. (但是这种提高不是一夜之间能实现的,而且其中有些限制就连科学也无能为力。)”说明提高能源过程中的有些限制就连科学也无能为力,说明能源浪费是不可避免的,故选G。 3.C 第三段的主旨句是第一句话“In terms of efficiency,buses,trains,and other forms of public transportation may be using energy more efficiently than private automobiles(说到效率,公交车、火车和其他公共交通设施对能源的利用可能比私家车更高效。)”,与此一致的是C。 4.B 由第四段短文最后一句话“载上下班乘客的列车只有在人很多的地方才真正实用”顾名思义就是说城铁是否实用取决于人口的多少。故选B。 5.F Nathan明确提出更好的设计和更明智的使用两者对我们在交通设施上充分利用能来说至关重要,主张把公共交通设施和私人交通工具结合起来。故选F。