Directions:In this part, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary with the appropriate words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.
Cosmetics have been used throughout history. The ancient Greeks, the Egyptians, and the Romans all used various kinds of makeup. Some of these cosmetics were used to improve their appearance. Others were used to protect their skin. But in some cases, things used for makeup were dangerous, or even deadly!
Some of the first skin care treatments started in Egypt. In fact, Cleopatra was known to use them. She thought a bath in milk and honey left her skin silky smooth. Egyptians also developed some of the earliest sunscreens. They used oils and creams for protection against the sun and dry winds. Egyptian and other ancient cultures also used various powders on their skin for beauty. Egyptians used black kohl around their eyes. Romans put white chalk on their faces. And Indians painted red henna on their bodies.
Most of the ancient cosmetic powders, oils, and creams were harmless. But in the name of beauty, some people applied dangerous chemicals and poisons to their skin. During the Italian Renaissance, women wore white powder made of lead on their faces. Of course, doctors now know lead is like a poison for our bodies.
Also around the time of the Renaissance, women in Italy put drops of belladonna in their eyes. Belladonna is a very poisonous plant. The poison in the plant affects the nerves in the body. By putting belladonna drops in her eyes, a woman’s pupils would become very large. People thought this made her more beautiful. Actually, this is why the plant is called belladonna. In Italian, belladonna means “beautiful woman.”
When Elizabeth I was queen of England in the late 1500s, some rather dangerous cosmetics were also used by women there. Women were using rouge made with mercury. They were also using special hair dye made with lead and sulphur. The dye was designed to give people red hair, the same color as the queen’s hair. Over time, the dye made people’s hair fall out. Finally, women using this dye ended up bald, like the queen, and had to wear wigs.
Summary:
Although people have used cosmetics throughout history, not all of them have been safe. In fact, some of them have been quite 1 to people. For example, long ago in Italian 2 , people thought women with big pupils were beautiful. Therefore, in the 3 of beauty, women began to put 4 of belladonna in their eyes to make their pupils larger. Today we know belladonna is poisonous, and it can affect the 5 in the body.
Directions:In this part, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary with the maximum of three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
NO CASH, NO PROBLEM As technology continues to develop, people are changing the way they pay for things. Many of us have a cash card or a credit card, but more and more people carry a cashless card-a computerized “smart card.” These lucky people never have to look for money, or carry around a heavy wallet full of coins. With these cards we are one step closer to a more convenient and cashless society. The idea behind cashless cards is to get rid of small change and to save time.
Many American and British students use these cards to buy food or drinks at college cafeterias and even to ride buses. These cards also act as ID cards. Students use the cards to access buildings and computer files, or check out books from the library. College cafeteria staff say the cards have reduced waiting time at checkouts on campus. Users can put money from their bank accounts onto smart cards at special machines on or around campus.
There is one big problem with smart cards. If an owner loses his or her smart card, the cash that is stored on it can be used by whoever finds it. However, to protect the user, most cards have the owner’s photograph on them.
Summary:
Practice 1 Directions: Read the following text(s) and write an essay to 1) summarize the main points of the text(s), 2) make clear your own viewpoint, and 3) justify your stand. In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text(s). If you use more than three consecutive words from the text(s), use quotation marks (“ ”). You should write 160—200 words on the ANSWER SHEET. There was a heated discussion on whether to require every student to wear a uniform. The following are arguments from supporters of uniforms and their competitors. Supportive arguments: There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person or a seller of identification with a larger, more important concept. They say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such a poor person who cannot afford good quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. They also say it is helpful to build up team work ability, enhance the school's entire public image, and boost up the honor of collectiveness by wearing school uniform. Opposite arguments: Others say no one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as all individuals but only lives to function as a part of a whole. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why world parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had? Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales persons would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available?
It's()novel I've ever read.
Directions:In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in a maximum of 10 words. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.
Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?
The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.
Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.
Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.
One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.
Questions:
1.What is the main reason for the latest rise of oil price?
2.What are the results of the 1970s’ oil shock?
3.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if ________.
4.According to the passage, reduction in oil consumption is due to ________, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries.
5.According to the passage, compared with those in the 1970s, oil-price shocks are ________ now.
Practice 3 Directions: Read the text below. Write an essay in about 120 words, in which you should summarize the key points of the text and make comments on them. Try to use your own words. All of us should keep a kitchen diary, showing how much food is left uneaten as garbage. In China, enough food is wasted in restaurants every year to feed 200 million people. In the United States, 40 percent of food is wasted from farm to fork. Each year, the amount of food thrown away in rich countries is almost the same as that produced in sub-Saharan Africa. This raises some important questions. In developing countries, food is lost because farmers do not have appropriate cooling, storage or market access for their crops. Their grains, fruits and vegetables dry up and rot away. In developed countries, the picture is different, and food is wasted in supermarkets, restaurants and at home. China faces both problems, significant losses in farms, as well as at the sale and consumption stages. And the amount of food wasted by Chinese consumers is rapidly increasing. Consumer culture has filled China and urban residents can get quality food from anywhere in the country and from across the planet. Chinese consumers are as particular about their food as those in other countries. In supermarkets, they refuse to buy vegetables that don’t look fresh or have an irregular shape, or milk and other products close to their expiry (失效) date. Should Chinese consumers take more responsibility for the waste they create? Everyone deserves to have enough food to eat. Despite China’s impressive success in reducing hunger over the past three decades, the job is not completed yet.
When you read the sailing directions, you should notice that this is one of a series of publications produced by the()which should be consulted by users of Admiralty Charts.
Passage 4Questions 34 - 45 ● Read the article below about stock exchange. ● In most of the lines 34 - 45 there is one extra word. It is either grammatically incorrect or does not fit in with the sense of the text. Some lines, however, are correct. ● If a line is correct, write CORRECT on your Answer Sheet. ● If there is an extra word in the line, write the extra word in CAPITAL LETTERS on your Answer Sheet. ● The exercise begins with two examples, (0) and (00) 0. The London Stock Exchange has always been famous as a place for men only, and women 00. used to be strictly forbidden to enter in. But the world is changing day by day, and even the 34. Stock Exchange, which seemed to be a man’s castle, is being gradually opening its doors to the 35. other sex. On 16th November 1971, a great decision was taken out. The Stock Exchange 36. Council (the body of men that administers the Stock Exchange) decided that women be 37. allowed to the new trading floor when it opened in 1973. But the “castle” had not been very 38. completely conquered. The first girls to work in “The House” were not brokers or jobbers. 39. They were neither allowed to be become partners in stocking firms, nor to be authorized dealers 40. in stocks and shares. They were simply junior clerks and telephone operators. Women all 41. have been trying to get into the Stock Exchange for many years. Several votes have been 42. taken in “The House” to see whether the members would be willing to allow many women 43. to become members, but the answer has always been “No”. There have been three refusals of 44. this kind since 1967. Now women are admitted, although they in a very junior capacity. 45. Actually, it is the only a matter of time, it will sure take place sooner or later.
In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. For questions 1 to 5, please read the passage carefully and complete each space in the summary, using a maximum of three words from the passage. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Have you ever thought about inventing something? Were you worried that your idea was too strange or unrealistic? Well, maybe you should think again.
Strange and unrealistic ideas never stopped Arthur Pedrick. Pedrick was a British inventor. Originally a government clerk, he spent his retirement in the 1960s and 1970s developing new and unusual ideas. Some of these ideas contradicted basic physics, but that didn’t stop Pedrick. One of his strangest ideas was a plan to connect Australia and Antarctica using large tubes, a distance of 10,000 km! These tubes were designed to carry giant ice balls from Antarctica to Australia. The ice would then melt in the Australian desert, and the water would be used for irrigation. Another of Pedrick’s inventions was a radio-controlled golf ball. A golfer could change the speed and direction of the golf ball using small flaps attached to the ball, which could be controlled by computer chips. Using radio waves, golfers could also find their lost golf balls. Arthur Pedrick had thousands of bizarre ideas for inventions, most of which were never constructed.
Though many of Pedrick’s inventions were never developed, a lot of other strange ideas have been. In 1989, a company designed and sold a theft-prevention device for expensive cars. As part of this device, several tubes were attached to the bottom of a car. If someone tried to steal the car, super hot flames were emitted from the tubes and burned the car thief. Some people who were not thieves, however, were seriously injured by this device which they accidentally set off by walking past the car.
Other strange inventions include underwear for dogs and pens with drinkable ink. The underwear keeps dogs from making a mess when they go out for a walk. Also if you were ever thirsty during a test, a pen with drinkable ink would be very handy!
If you have an idea that seems a little out in left field, don’t let that stop you from trying it. You’ll be in good company.
Summary:
Given that the current directory is empty, and that the user has read and write permissions, and the following: Which statement is true?()