Passage 3Tidal Power on the Cheap? A The startup, located on the Orkney Islands, way north of Scotland, has raised £6.2 million to build a working prototype of a floating tidal turbine that it says will be cheaper to install and maintain than others being tested now. The 8-meter-long prototype, ideally, will go into the water at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Tidal Test Site that sits just down the road from ScotRenewables in 2010. Commercial versions of the turbine will measure up to 40 meters long and weigh 250 tons, but generate 1.2 megawatts of power. B “That’s quite impressive when you compare it to others,” said CEO Barry Johnston. “We want to be competitive with offshore wind.” Rather than anchor a permanent turbine on the ocean floor, ScotRenewables will build a floating turbine that is slack moored with chains to an anchor on the sea floor. The body of the turbine-a long 40-meter tube of metal with a point at the end-will face directly into the tide. Below, two turbines attached to fins will convert the power of the tides into electricity. Johnston explained “A 1-meter prototype ScotRenewables is experimenting with in the wave tank is built. It looks like a model rocket with two fins with propellers attached to the ends of the fins.” C Tidal is the potentially most predictable, reliable form of renewable energy. With a tide table and computer, ScotRenewables can calculate the power output of a turbine decades in advance. You can’t do that with intermittent, variable sources like wind, solar or wave. Unfortunately, harnessing tidal power is quite difficult. Some of the prototypes that have been tested in the decades are quickly destroyed by rushing tides. Pulling those turbines up from the sea bed and taking them into the shop consumes time and money. Taking the ScotRenewables turbine in for repairs should be easy: maintenance workers would just have to take a boat out, unhook it, and put another in its place while the first is being entangled. D Tidal power is also 50 percent stronger at the surface than at the seabed so these turbines should be capable of generating more power. Other companies have tried to create surface tidal turbines before. The difficulty has been keeping the turbine pointed in the direction of the tide. Some get washed away. Other times, the creators build large superstructures around the turbine, which costs money. ScotRenewables says it will come up with control mechanisms and advanced hydrodynamics (i.e., aerodynamics in water) to keep the turbines pointed in the right direction. E Scotland is betting heavily on wind and wave power. The notoriously harsh waves and currents of the Pentland Firth, a channel which separates the main body of the U.K. with the Orkneys that is often referred to as the Saudi Arabia of Marine Energy by locals. By 2020, Scotland wants to get half of its power from renewable sources, including large hydroelectric dams. Hydroelectric constitutes about 11 percent of the country’s power now and 9 percent comes from wind and other renewables. A large portion of the new renewable sources of power will come from wind, tidal and wave. Marine energy could provide up to 35 terawatt hours of power to the U.K. by 2020 and 84 terawatt hours of power by 2050, according to Edwina Cook, business development officer at EMEC. The U.K. in 2004 consumed 340 terawatt hours of power. The EMEC has created tidal and wave testing centers for companies to build and validate prototypes. (The Pelamis-that sea snake looking wave power device-was tested at EMEC before commercial rollouts in Portugal.) The government has also passed exceptionally large credits for power providers that put tidal and wave power on the grid. (Prototypes participating in the EMEC test beds are actually connected to the grid and selling small amounts of power.) The hope is that the programme will create jobs, exports and green energy. Offshore, the Dublin based open Hydro Power is already testing a large tidal device that looks like a big rotating fan. F Talking about the prototype and commercial power production, however, is easier said than done. ScotRenewables did not like the software simulation tools it found when it first set out. Some software focused on tidal changes; others focused on waves. To build an effective surface tidal turbine, Johnston realized that both tidal and wave power should be taken into account. Thus, it had to build its own tools, which cost several thousands. It also built its own wave tank. It was easier than trying to book time at an EMEC wave tank. The company now hopes to lease time on the tank to other wave companies to generate revenue. And, because ships to deploy tidal and wave devices are in short supply, it is contemplating buying or building its own multi-purpose vessel. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet. 1. New plan has been made to involve a new factor besides tidal. 2. Damages have happened to the models in the past years. 3. A detailed structure of a model is demonstrated. 4. The immature model is expected to apply at the beginning of the twenty first century after further development.
正确答案:
1.F 根据题干关键词New plan,和a new factor可定位到原文F段第四句“To build an effective surface tidal turbine, Johnston realized that both tidal and wave power should be taken into account”,其中both tidal and wave power它对应题干中的关键词besides,因此题干表述和该段内容相符,因而答案是F。 2.C. 根据题干关键词Damages, in the past years可定位到原文C段第五句“Some of the prototypes that have been tested in the decades are quickly destroyed by rushing tides”,其中in the decades和in the past years为同义转换,destroy和damages对应,因而答案是C。 3.B. 根据题干关键词detailed structure of model可定位到原文B段“ScotRenewables will build a floating turbine that is slack moored with chains to an anchor on the sea floor”,首句指出该公司建造了一个新的模型,后面则是对这个模型结构的具体描述,因词此,答案是B。 4.A. 根据题干关键词immature model, at the beginning of the twenty first century可定位到原文A段“The 8-meter-long prototype, ideally, will go into the water at the European Marine Energy Centre (EMEC) Tidal Test Site that sits just down the road from ScotRenewables in 2010”,其中prototype和model为同义转换,2010对应题干中at the beginning of the twenty first,go into water意思与题干中的apply一致,因而答案是A。