2021中学教师资格证《高中教师专业知识》真题模拟03-04

1、

Passage2

An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that，actually，you think you're more beautiful than you are.We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this.Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the"above average effect”or“illusory superiority", and shown that, for example,70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership,93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others-all obviously statistical impossibilities.

We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we' re hot stuf.

Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is"an automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation."If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image-which most did-they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.

Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhanced the most(that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem."I don't think the findings that we have are any evidence of personal delusion,"says Epley."It's a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves."If you are depressed, you won't be self-enhancing.

Knowing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of themselves yiscerally-on one level, they don't even recognize the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles."It's not that people's profiles are dishonest,"says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University,"but they portray an idealized version of themselves."

According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that .

A. our self-ratings are unrealistically high

B. illusory superiority is a baseless effect

C. self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

D. our need for leadership is unnatural

试题答案：A

2、

“大清国国家允定各使馆境界以为专与住用之处，并独由使馆管理。中国民人，概不准在界内居住。”从这条史料中我们可以获取的正确信息是(   )。

A. 列强可以在中国建立租界

B. 外国公使可以进驻北京

C. 列强取得划分势力范围的特权

D. 列强取得了设立使馆界的特权

试题答案：D

3、下列是学生对李清照《醉花阴》（薄雾浓云愁永昼）感情基调的理解，错误的一项是（　　）。（单选题）

A. 思念丈夫的孤寂愁绪

B. 内心深处的一种孤寂忧郁

C. 重阳节独守空房的难耐

D. 少女思春的一种温馨与浪漫

试题答案：D

4、

请阅读  Passage 2,完成第 26~30小题 。

Passage 2

An article in Scientific America haspointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you 're morebeautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselvesand we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this.Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they callthe   "above average effect ,"or  " illusory superiority,"and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average inleadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others-all obviouslystatistical impossibilities.

We rose-tint our memories and put ourselvesinto self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and applynegative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk aroundthinking we're hot stuff.

Psychologistand behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study into self-enhancementand attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate their beauty comparedwith others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselvesfrom a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and lessattractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is   "an automatic psychological process,occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent consciousdeliberation." If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flatteringimage-which most did they genuinely believed it was really how they looked.

Epley found no significant genderdifference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that those who self-enhancedthe, most (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored pictureswere real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, thosewho thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directlycorresponded with  those who showed othermarkers for having higher self-esteem. "I don't think the findings that wehave are any evidence of personal delusion,"  says Epley."It's a reflection simply ofpeople generally thinking well of themselves. " If you are depressed, youwon ' t be self-enhancing.

Knowingthe results of Epley's study, it makes sense that many people hate photographsof themselves viscerally -on one level, they don't even recognize theperson in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer 's paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos,  the cream  of their wit,  style, beauty,  intellect  and lifestyles.  It's  not that people's profiles are dishonest,says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University,   "but they portray an idealized versionof themselves."

According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that_____

A. our self-ratings are unrealistically high

B. illusory superiority is a baseless effect

C. self-enhancing strategies are ineffective

D. our need for leadership is unnatural

试题答案：A

5、在翻译白居易《琵琶行》中“主人下马客在船”时，有学生直接翻译成了“主人下了马，客人登上了船”，下列教师评价中能够正确引导学生深入理解互文修辞的一项是（　　）。（单选题）

A. 结合生活常识，注意互文修辞，再想想这样翻译对不对？

B. 是不是也有一部分同学翻译得跟他一样的？

C. 是这个意思吗？

D. 你翻译得不对，还请深入思考后再回答！

试题答案：A