问答题 Practice 2 　 Directions: Read five students’ talks about smoking. The ticket allows people under the age of twenty-six to travel wherever they want within Europe for one month. For questions 1 to 5, match the name of each student (1 to 5) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 　　Paula: 　　There is no safe cigarette and no safe level of consumption. Some smokers think that switching from stronger to milder cigarettes makes smoking safer, but this isn’t true. For smokers usually swallow the smoke deeper, or they often smoke the cigarettes to the shortest length. So even if you do make the switch but don’t make these changes, the health benefits are very small when compared to the benefits of quitting. 　　Jenny: 　　Anyone who smokes is at a risk of being harmed physically. As you continue to smoke, your body learns to depend on cigarettes and you can smoke more and more. Just three cigarettes a day can spark potentially fatal heart disease, and women are particularly at risk. It is never too early for cigarettes to cause damage; it can start with the first cigarette. 　　Joanne: 　　There are many short-term health effects of smoking. A major consequence is decreased lung function. This often leads to shortness of breath, constant cough and tiring easily during exercise. Smoking also reduces the ability to smell and taste and causes early ageing of skin. Often people don’t realize that a smoking-related disease could be developing for years before it is detected. A “smoker’s cough” or shortness of breath are early signs of problems which can be fatal. 　　Jocelyn: 　　For women, cigarette smoking increases the risk of a number of sex-specific health problems, Smoking women can experience irregular periods. Smokers that are on the pill have a greater risk or heart attack, stroke and other diseases. What’s more, stroke doesn’t only affect elderly people. People in their 20s and 30s also die from strokes caused by smoking. 　　Amanda: 　　Many young women regard their smoking as short term, and don’t believe they will develop the long-term health effects of smoking. Often there’s a sense that you can just quit sometime in the future. However, your current smoking is doing you damage, and it won’t be easier to quit at a later stage. The time to quit smoking is soomer rather than later. Smoking women in the family way can have difficulties during childbirth. 　　Now match each of the students (1 to 5) to the appropriate statement. 　　Note: there are two extra statements. 　　Statements 　　

问答题 Practice 1 　 Directions: Read the texts from an article in which five people talked about energy and making use of it. For questions 1 to 5, match the name of each speaker to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET 1. 　　Jackson: 　　Viewed from a scientist’s standpoint, all of the energy contained in fuel either now or in the future becomes heat. Some of the heat is used directly or produces useful work. The rest is lost or rejected. That is to say, it is radiated into the atmosphere from the engines, motors, furnaces, power lines, television sets, boilers and all the other energy-consuming machinery that makes our wheels go around. 　　Browning: 　　It is necessary to improve the efficiency with which we use energy in order to do more work. But improvement cannot come overnight, and there are limits beyond which not even science can help. According to the Center for Strategic and International studies, about three quarters of the energy we use to move things, including ourselves, accomplishes no useful work. 　　Jeffrey: 　　In terms of efficiency, buses, trains, and other forms of public transportation may be using energy more efficiently than private automobiles. Unless private automobiles can operate at near capacity, their overall efficiency is poor. For example, an urban bus carrying 36 passengers may achieve an efficiency of around 120 passenger-miles per gallon of gasoline. But buses are not always fully loaded, and sometimes they carry no passengers at all. 　　Yandenberg: 　　It is true that buses can sometimes run without passengers. City trains seem to be very efficient, but they suffer the same shortcomings as buses and cost more. Except for rush hours, commuter trains seldom run at full capacity. This wastes even more energy and is more than the management can afford. As a result, commuter trains are truly practical only in places where there are a lot of people. 　　Nathan: 　　For some people, mass transportation may serve their needs. For others, a combination of mass transportation and private transportation may be preferable. Better design and wise use of both mass transportation systems and private vehicles will play an important part in helping us make fuller use of energy for transportation. 　　Now match each of the person (1 to 5) to the appropriate statement. 　　Note: there are two extra statements. 　　Statements 　　

问答题 Practice 2 　 Directions: Read the pieces taken from five letters to a magazine by five people commenting on an article about global warming. For questions 1 to 5, match the name of each person (1 to 5) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. 　　Mikhil Jaislnghanl: 　　After reading your article “The Truth About Global Warming”, I’m no less concerned about the earth’s environmental condition. You say “Scientists are still differing with huge gaps in their knowledge.” But Lindzen, the writer of the article, is no closer to the truth simply because he can criticize. Global warming may be far from understood, but let us act to prevent it anyway, just in case the effects are real. 　　John Leaver: 　　It’s shameful that you present Lindzen’s views on climate change as “The Truth About Global Warming.” It seems that your magazine is keeping an open mind, even though you admit that most climate scientists disagree with Lindzen’s opinions. You characterize the view that waste gases should be cut as “very European. “ I take it that it is very American to pursue a policy of unlimited energy consumption without considering what most scientists and other countries think. 　　Thomas Hervouet: 　　How can we believe a man who holds that there is only a very weak link between lung cancer and cigarette smoking? Lindzen’s position is unacceptable because it shows his lack of knowledge about cancer. I believe that French President Jacques Chirac is more informed on global warming-- which no serious scientist denies--than President Bush, whose interests depend on the oil industry. 　　Hans-Joachim Hell: 　　What Lindzen says makes sense to mc. For years I’ve read articles on negative climatic change and greenhouse effect. The only agreement seems to be “We agree that we disagree. “Considering the recent chilly summers in Germany, I’ve no idea where the “warming” can be found. In past decades, summers were hot, almost unbearable. Now, in the midst of summer, we turn the heaters on and wear warm clothes. 　　Derek Kickinson: 　　The U.S. government should act for the American people by signing the Kyoto Agreement, instead of acting for Big Oil in America. Even if scientists cannot agree on the numbers, global warming is taking place, and this is not beneficial for the planet. The anti-Kyoto position of the U.S. government is a short-term political move, but the long-term losers will be the American people and the environment. 　　Now match the name of each person (1 to 5) to the appropriate statement. 　　Note: there are two extra statements. 　　Statements 　　

问答题 Practice 2 　 Directions: Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talked about the importance of doing exercise. For questions 1 to 5, match the name of each person to one of the statements ( A to G)given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 　　Eufraeio Tolentino: 　　I did regular exercise when I was young, but by my 30s, I had a family and a busy job. I neglected exercise for years. At 59, I had a stroke that resulted from lack of exercise. Now I visit a recovering center in the morning and spend my afternoons exercising. I encourage my friends a start exercising. If they don’t, engaging too much in their work or family, they may also suffer from a stroke. 　　Raymond Chiew: 　　Think you’re healthy just because you’re within your ideal weight range for your height? Wrong! Take me as an example. I figured I got enough exercise playing tennis once a week, for I wasn’t overweight and didn’t smoke or drink. Then at 57, I woke up one early morning with chest pains and tests revealed that I had serious heart trouble. I was shocked. Now I walk for an hour every day and my doctor says that my heart is improving. 　　Dr Santos-Ringor: 　　Whether you hire a personal trainer, take exercise classes at the community center or rent exercise videos, spending money on fitness is really money well spent, for health is wealth. But if you can’ afford any of those, just get a comfortable pair of shoes: walk is free. I form an exercise group with friends, play catch with my kids or set aside Saturdays for long walks in the country. 　　Ruth Cheah: 　　You’re never too late or too out of shape to start exercising. I didn’t start to exercise on a regular basis until I was 59. Now, as old as 79, I take a daily 45-minute walk, go swimming twice a week. These exercises free me from medicines, and I feel active and alert. People tell me that I look younger than my age. 　　V· M. Chandran: 　　Many people start exercising because they want to lose weight, and when that doesn’t happen immediately, they may give up. But the same volume of muscle weights more than that of fat, so a large person who is fit could be healthier than a thin person who is not. When I saw my weight rise past 90 kilos in my late 40s, I began taking walks for 45 minutes a day. Even though I still weigh over 90 kilos, I feel much stronger. I’ m proud to have muscles, not fat. 　　Now match the name of each person (1 to 5) to the appropriate statement. 　　Note: there are two extra statements. 　　Statements 　　

问答题 Practice 3 　 Directions: Read the pieces taken from five letters to a magazine by five people talking about happiness. For questions 1 to 5, match the name of each person (61 to65) to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 　　Heather McCoy: 　　Entering a bookstore, one cannot help but notice entire shelves devoted to books boasting knowledge of the true path to happiness. 　　Whether this wave of infomercials and books can actually make people happier is the question. Happiness cannot be found by adhering to a narrow set of steps or rules. Finding happiness is not as simple as following a how-to manual, it is something that every person must find in his or her own way. 　　Gary Russell: 　　Does happiness grow proportionally with wealth? Hardly. 　　Experience teaches us material satisfaction comes only when one finds himself wealthier than those around him; and, in a like manner, one feels unhappy only when finding himself poorer than his friends or relatives. 　　So, a millionaire will experience a feeling of being lowered when confronting a billionaire, while a worker with a monthly salary of several hundred dollars becomes the envy of the villagers in remote mountainous regions. 　　David Niven: 　　True happiness is not a result from human action. Results are temporary whereas happiness is everywhere and can neither be created nor destroyed. True happiness is realized by understanding one’s own SELF. With true happiness there is no place for disappointments! 　　True happiness may mean pain and restraint in the beginning but will lead to eternal joy and freedom. To achieve true happiness, we should isolate and remove the negatives. 　　Joshua Patty: 　　Happiness is a state of mind. You can be happy in almost any situation. Likewise, you can be unhappy in an equal number of situations. In the end, it’s your decision. 　　If one can control one’s unhappiness, then one must be able to control one’s happiness. As far as I know, the Human Genome Project has not been able to identify a single part of any human chromosome which is responsible for happiness. 　　Laura Johnson: 　　So what makes me a happy person? Studying to be a journalist because I love to write, not because it pays a lot of money. Skiing in the winter snow and swimming in the summer sun. Spending time with my close friends from home that like the real me just as much as the old me. Being in a stable family. Reading romance novels and watching bizarre movies. Having a boyfriend who knows more about rock and roll history that I do. 　　Now match the name of each person (1 to 5) to the appropriate statement. 　　Note: there are two extra statements. 　　Statements 　　

问答题 Practice 1 　　1. ______ Japanese design electronics while Germans export engineering techniques. The French serve, the best food and Americans make computers. 　　2. ______ But it has lawyers, stylists and business consultants who earn their living from talk and more talk. The World Foundation think tank says the UK’s four iconic jobs today are not scientists, engineers, teachers and nurses. Instead, they’re hairdressers, celebrities, management consultants and managers. But can all this talking keep the British economy going? The British government thinks it can. 　　3. ______ In fact, Britain does have a world-class pharmaceutical industry. And it still makes a small sum from selling arms abroad. It also trades services-accountancy, insurance, banking and advertising. The government believes Britain is on the cutting edge of the knowledge economy. After all, the country of Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a literary tradition of which to be proud. Rock ‘n’ roll is an English language medium, and there are billions to be made by their cutting-edge bands. In other words, the creative economy has plenty of strength to carry the British economy. 　　4. ______ The industries are finding it hard to make a profit, according to a report of the National Endowment for Science. Technology and the Arts The report shows only 38 percent of British companies were engaged in “innovation activities”, 3 percentage points below the EU average and well below Germany (1 percent) and Sweden (47 percent). 　　5. ______ The majority of the population are employed by the rich to cook, clean, and take care of their children. Many graduates are even doing menial jobs for which they do not need a degree. Most employment growth has been, and will continue to be, at the low-skill end of the service sector—in shops, bars, hotels, domestic service and in nursing and care homes. [A] However, creative industries account for only about 4 percent of UK’s exports of goods and services. [B] Although the country’s trade deficit was more than ￡60 billion in 2006, UK’s largest in the post-war period; officials say the country has nothing to worry about. [C] In today’s knowledge economy, nations survive on the things they do best. [D] The British government has confidence in its economy. [E] Britain specializes in the gift of talking. The nation doesn’t manufacture much of anything. [F] Britain is on the cutting edge of facing economic crisis due to its weak manufacturing power. [G] In fact, it might be better to call Britain a “servant” economy—there are at least 4 million people “in service”.

问答题 Practice 2 　　Think you can walk, drive, take phone calls, e-mail and listen to music at the same time? Well, New York’s new law says you can’t. (1)______ The law went into force last month, following research and a shocking number of accidents that involved people using electronic gadgets (小巧机械) when crossing the street. 　　Who’s to blame? (2) ______ “We are under the impression that our brain can do more than it often can,” says Rene Marois, a neuroscientist (神经科学家) in Tennessee. “But a core limitation is the inability to concentrate on two things at once.” 　　The young people are often considered the great multitaskers. (3)______ A group of 18- to 21-year-olds and a group of 35- to 39-year-olds were given 90 seconds to translate images into numbers, using a simple code. (4)______ But when both groups were interrupted by a phone call or an instant message, the older group matched the younger group in speed and accuracy. 　　It is difficult to measure the productivity lost by multitaskers. But it is probably a lot. Jonathan Spira, chief analyst at Basex, a business-research firm, estimates the cost of interruptions to the American economy at nearly $650 billion a year. (5)______ The surveys conclude that 28 percent of the workers’ time was spent on interruptions and recovery time before they returned to their main tasks. [A] Talking on a cellphone while driving brings you joy anyway. [B] The estimate is based on surveys with office workers. [C] The younger group did 10 percent better when not interrupted. [D] However, an Oxford University research suggests this perception is open to question. [E] Scientists say that our multitasking (多任务处理) abilities are limited. [F] And you’ll be fined $100 if you do so on a New York City street. [G] Multitaskers are cleverer compared with other people.

问答题 Practice 1 　 Directions: Read the following article in which five people talk about AIDS. For Question 1 to 5, match the name of each person to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 　　Greg Louganis: 　　These were the trials for the 1988 Olympics in Seoul, Korea. Until this dive, I had been ahead. But now, something else was more significant than winning. I might have endangered other divers’ lives if I have spilled blood in the pool. For what I knew--that few others knew--was that I was HIV-positive. AIDS forced me to stop diving; I had to quit diving professionally after the Olympics. 　　Margaret Chart: 　　It is reported that almost three million people in developing countries are now receiving drugs for HIV. This is an increase of almost one million people from two thousand and six. Still, the hope was to reach three million by two thousand and five. But antiretroviral therapy, or ART, alone will not solve the problem. For every two persons we manage to provide them with ART, another five persons get infected. So again, we cannot underestimate the power of prevention. 　　Paula Green: 　　The disease robs the body of its natural defenses against infections. Almost seventy-five percent of people receiving HIV drugs are in Africa. The drugs help patients live longer without developing AIDS. An estimated nine million seven hundred thousand people in low and middle income countries were in need of HIV treatment last year. However, by the end of the year, just over thirty percent of them were getting it. 　　Raymond Chow: 　　Price reductions can be a main method to let more people with HIV, including more pregnant women, receive the drugs. Also, delivery systems should be redesigned to better serve individual countries and smaller health centers. And treatments should be simpler than in the past. 　　William Wang: 　　Huge barriers still remain in dealing with the AIDS epidemic. Getting patients to stay on their therapy is difficult. There are still large numbers of people who do not get tested for H1V. And there are many others who get tested too late and die within months. What’s more, there is not enough joint treatment of HIV and the related infections that most often kill AIDS patients. And still another problem is the shortage of health care workers in the developing world. 　　Now match each of the items (1 to 5) to the appropriate statement. 　　Note: There are two extra statements. 　　Statements 　　

问答题 Practice 1 　　Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. (1)______ Experts say heat may be nature’s deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was Named for killing more than one hundred people in India It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. (2) ______ Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body. 　　(3) ______ Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water: Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. (4) ______ The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop. 　　Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. (5) ______ 　　Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure, poor blood flow, nervousness or depression. [A] Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system. [B] Several of these conditions are present at the same time. [C] Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress. [D] Several hot days are considered a heat wave. [E] So does extreme heat. [F] Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat. [G] Heat can be both beneficial and dangerous.

问答题 Practice 1 　　Heat loss by sweating depends on the fact that when a liquid evaporates, it absorbs an enormous quantity of heat from its surroundings. Therefore, when I am of sweat evaporate, a great deal of heat is absorbed from the surface of the body in contact with it. 1______ 　　2______ The first is the amount of movement of air surrounding the body. The second is the amount of water vapor in the air that surrounds the body. 　　3______ For this reason, sweat evaporates very rapidly on windy days, and the rate of heat loss by sweating is much more than on a still day. This accounts for the fact that hot still days are much less comfortable than hot windy days. In contrast, the sweat evaporates very rapidly on hot windy days, and cools the body quickly and effectively. 　　4______ When air is carrying the maximum amount of water vapor that it can hold, it is said to be 100% saturated with water vapor. The relative humidity of the air is said to be 100%. Under these conditions the air cannot carry any water, so no water can evaporate. When the relative humidity is high, therefore, sweat cannot evaporate. Instead, it forms large drops and runs off your skin without cooling you. 　　5______ It is obvious that under these conditions, evaporation will be much more rapid. Therefore, sweating will be much more effective as a method of losing heat from the body. On a hot dry day, sweat evaporates as soon as it is formed, and you feel reasonably cool even though the temperature of your environment is very high. [A] When the air is very dry and carries no water at all, the relative humidity is said to be 0%. [B] The second factor is the amount of water vapor in the air－the humidity. [C] Hot windy days are much more comfortable than hot still days. [D] This heat transfer occurs even if the environment is hotter than the body. [E] When air moves over the surface of water, the amount of evaporation is greatly increased. [F] You might expect the highest incidence of a heat stroke when the maximum temperature is 100 and humidity is 50%. [G] Two factors affect the rate of evaporation of sweat, and therefore the effectiveness of sweating as a method of cooling the body.