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关于炭疽病,下列哪些是正确的()

发布日期:2021-11-05

关于炭疽病,下列哪些是正确的()
A

病原菌为竹节状革兰阳性杆菌

B

病原体释放的外毒素为主要的致病因素

C

皮肤炭疽为最常见的临床类型

D

最常见的并发症是脑膜炎

E

病原菌对青霉素耐药者多见

试题解析

外毒素

外毒素(exotoxin)是细菌毒素的一种。是某些细菌在生长繁殖过程中,分泌到菌体外的一种对机体有害的毒性物质。按其对细胞的亲和性及作用方式不同,可分为细胞毒、神经毒及肠毒素三大类。许多革兰阳性菌及部分革兰阴性菌都能产生外毒素,其主要成分是蛋白质。外毒素不耐热、不稳定、抗原性强,易被破坏。但毒性作用强,小剂量即可使易感机体死亡,也可选择性地作用于某些组织器官,引起特殊病变。外毒素也用于制造抗毒素及类毒素,用于疾病治疗及预防。

中文名
外毒素
属性
一种
主要成分
可溶性
外文名
exotoxin
类别
次级代谢产物

病原体

病原体(pathogens)是指可造成人或动植物感染疾病的微生物(包括细菌、病毒、立克次氏体、真菌)、寄生虫或其他媒介(微生物重组体包括杂交体或突变体)。

中文名
病原体
解释
可造成人或动物感染疾病的微生物
发现者
塞麦尔维斯
外文名
pathogens
种类
微生物或其他媒介
发现时间
1840年

杆菌

杆菌一般呈正圆柱形,也有近卵圆形的,菌体大多平直,亦有稍弯曲的,菌体两端多钝圆,少数是平截状或尖突状。可分为单杆菌(大肠杆菌)、双杆菌(鼠疫杆菌)、链杆菌(猪痢疾杆菌)、球杆菌(多杀性巴氏杆菌)、棒状杆菌(白喉棒状杆菌)、分枝杆菌(结核分枝杆菌)、双歧杆菌(双歧乳杆菌)等。杆菌属原核生物。

中文名
杆菌
读音
gǎn jūn
形状
一般呈正圆柱形,也有近卵圆形;两端多钝圆,少数是平截或尖突状
外文名
bacillus
典型代表
大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌
分类
单杆菌、双杆菌、双歧杆菌链杆菌、球杆菌、棒状杆菌、分枝杆菌等

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